The Ethnography Museum of Ankara built by architect Arif Hikmet Koyunoğlu, is located on the site of a Muslim cemetery on a hill in Namazgah, Ankara, Turkey. The hill was granted to Ministry of National Education in order to be built as museum according to Decree of Cabinet of Ministers dated November 15, 1925 by General Directorate of Charity Foundations.

The revolutionists took part in Turkish War of Independence until 1924 giving importance to national culture believed in establishment of an Ethnography Museum including material and spiritual cult inheritance. For this reason Hamdullah Suphi Tanrıöven, Minister of National Education, asked opinion of his work friend Turkologist J. Meszarow, one of the chiefs of Budapest Ethnography Museum for establishment of the museum, and he was offered to serve for this purpose, which is understood from the report submitted to Ministry of National Education by Prof. Meszarow on November 29, 1924. Thus in order to make preparation for establishment of Public Museum a special committee firstly chaired by Prof. Celal Esad (Arseven) in Istanbul in 1924 and chaired by Halil Ethem (Erdem). Director of Istanbul Museums in 1925 was established for collection and purchase of arts. 1250 arts purchased by the committee were exhibited in the museum completed in 1927. Hamit Zübeyir Koşay was appointed as Director of the Museum.

The inner courtyard served as a temporary mausoleum for Atatürk.

Gazi Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) visiting the museum on April 15, 1928 after being informed about the museum ordered the opening of the museum for the reason of visit of Afghan king Amanullah Khan to Turkey. The museum was opened to public on 18 July 1930 and remained open until inner courtyard of the Museum was allocated as temporary tomb in November 1938. The body of Atatürk was kept there until it was carried to Anıtkabir in 1953. This section is still kept as a tomb in the memory of Atatürk, there is following inscription on the white marble:

"This is the place where Atatürk who passed to eternity on 10.11.1938 lay down from 21.11.1938 until 10.11.1953."

The Ethnography Museum served as a mausoleum of Atatürk for 15 years, until the completion of Anıtkabir. It has been visited by Presidents, ambassadors, foreign delegates and public. Works were continued during this period in the museum. Required changes were made for International Museum Week of 6-14.11.1956 and the museum was opened for public visits again.

The architect of the building is Arif Hikmet (Koyunoğlu), who is considered as one of the most valuable architects of first period Republic.

The Ethnography Museum is the museum where Turkish art from Seljuk era to present time is exhibited.

Public clothes, jewellery, shoes, slippers samples collected from various regions of Anatolia, woman and man socks from Sivas region, various bowls, laces, scarves. Belts, handkerchiefs, bed sheets, bride costumes, bridegroom shaving sets, old traditional Turkish art are exhibited.

Technical material and designs unique to Turks and carpets, weaving benches from Uşak, Gördes, Bergama, Kula, Milas, Ladik, Karaman, Niğde, Kırşehir regions are exhibited. Among fine art samples of Anatolian Mine arts there are Memluk boilers from 15th century, Ottoman sweet boilers, hand washing jugs, trays, coffee trays, meal tables, cups, candle scissors etc. are exhibited.

Arrows, bows, lighting pistols, rifles, sword and other things from Ottoman Period, Turkish pottery and porcelain and Kütahya porcelains, religious and sect properties, Turkish inscriptions are exhibited with the nice samples.

Seljuki Sultan Keyhüsrev III's throne a finest sample of Turkish wooden works (XIIIth century), Ahi Şerafettin Sandukası (XIVth century), Nevşehir Ürgüp Damsa Village Taşhur Pasha Mosque nish (XIIth century), Siirt Ulu Mosque Nish (XIIth century), Merzifon Çelebi Sultan Medrese Gate (XVth century) are some of the important arts of the Museum.

The collection granted as gift by Besim Atalay, member of VIIth Period TBMM (Grand National Parliament).

There is a specialised library containing art works about Anatolian ethnography and folklore, art history.